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1.
Rio de Janeiro; s.n; 2023. 259f p.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1532229

ABSTRACT

O Estado de Bem-estar é o resultado de uma evolução histórica, econômica, política e social, e dependendo do regime em cada país, haverá políticas sociais mais abrangentes que outras. Tais políticas apresentam um conjunto de garantias necessárias para a redução das distorções provenientes do modelo industrial capitalista que emergiu na Europa, no final do século XIX. Dentre os exemplos mais exitosos destacamos o regime dinamarquês, que ganha destaque neste trabalho por refletir o sistema de licenças familiares mais completo e eficiente, capaz de garantir acesso universal às mães e seus filhos pequenos, minimizando a estratificação social e a mercadorização das garantias sociais. O Brasil está longe dessa realidade, porém passou a desenvolver, após 1930, uma série de políticas sociais as quais, a partir da Constituição Federal de 1988, passaram a ter caráter universal. A presente pesquisa teve como objeto a análise comparativa das políticas sociais dirigidas às famílias com crianças pequenas no Brasil e na Dinamarca, e como objetivo analisar a contribuição das políticas sociais brasileiras para a superação da desigualdade de gêneros, para a promoção da cidadania das mulheres e do desenvolvimento das crianças. A análise centrou-se na regulamentação das licenças de proteção da maternidade, paternidade e parentalidade; nos subsídios atribuídos às famílias com crianças pequenas e na política de creches dos dois países. A metodologia utilizada foi baseada, principalmente, numa revisão bibliográfica e da legislação, utilizando como fonte secundária a base de dados online da Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS), Google acadêmico, periódicos CAPES, base de dados MISSOC - Mutual Information System on Social Protection, OCDE, ILO e CEPAL. Os dados estatísticos utilizados foram obtidos das bases da OCDE e da Pordata (baseada no Eurostat), Banco Mundial (The World Bank Data), além da Secretaria do Tesouro Nacional. Como resultados encontrei uma disparidade entre os 2 países analisados quanto: a licença parental - ausente no Brasil, e a política de creches na Dinamarca ­ universal a partir de 26 semanas de vida onde os profissionais possuem expertise para atuarem com crianças pequenas nas creches e jardins de infância. (AU)


The Welfare State is the result of a historical, economic, political and social evolution, and depending on the regime in each country, there will be more comprehensive social policies than others. These policies provide a set of guarantees needed to reduce the distortions caused by the capitalist industrial model that emerged in Europe at the end of the 19th century. Among the most successful examples is the Danish system, which is highlighted in this article for reflecting the most complete and efficient family leave system, capable of guaranteeing universal access to mothers and their young children, minimizing social stratification and the commodification of social guarantees. Brazil is far from this reality, but after 1930 it began to develop a series of social policies which, since the 1988 Federal Constitution, have been universal in nature. The purpose of this research is to compare social policies aimed at families with young children in Brazil and Denmark, with the aim of analyzing the contribution of Brazilian social policies to overcoming gender inequality, promoting women's citizenship and children's development. The analysis focused on the regulation of maternity, paternity, and parental leave; the subsidies granted to families with young children and the nursery policy of the two countries. The methodology used was based mainly on a bibliographic and legislative review, using as a secondary source the online database of the Virtual Health Library (VHL), Google Scholar, CAPES journals, MISSOC database - Mutual Information System on Social Protection, ILO and CEPAL. The statistical data used was obtained from the OECD and Pordata databases (based on Eurostat), World Bank (The World Bank Data) and National Treasury Secretary of Brazil. As a result, I found a disparity between the two countries analyzed in terms of: parental leave - absent in Brazil and the nursery policy in Denmark - universal from 26 weeks of age where professionals have the expertise to work with young children in day care centers and nurseries. (AU)


Subject(s)
Public Policy , Women, Working , Parental Leave , Gender Equity , Social Welfare , Maternity Allocation , Child Care , Social Determinants of Health
2.
Rev. enferm. UFSM ; 12: 44, 2022.
Article in English, Spanish, Portuguese | LILACS, BDENF | ID: biblio-1393013

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: analisar os sentimentos e dificuldades de mães no retorno da licença-maternidade e a percepção do acolhimento institucional. Método: estudo quali-quantitativo com 40 mães trabalhadoras de uma instituição de ensino pública de ensino médio, técnico e superior que retornaram ao trabalho após o período de licença. Foi aplicado um questionário on-line, com análise quantitativa descritiva e qualitativa de conteúdo. Resultados: das participantes, 42,5% relataram sentimentos difíceis (tristeza, depressão e desamparo), 50% dificuldade nas rotinas, 17,5% problemas para amamentar pela distância e 35% pontos positivos quanto à amamentação exclusiva no trabalho remoto. Cinco categorias foram encontradas: sentimentos no retorno ao trabalho; dificuldades do retorno e amamentação; pandemia e trabalho remoto; fragilidades percebidas e sugestões de melhorias; reflexões quanto à sua saúde mental. Conclusão: os sentimentos negativos e as dificuldades prevaleceram na percepção das mães, demandando atenção institucional para acolhimento no retorno da licença-maternidade.


Objective: To analyze the feelings and difficulties of mothers in returning from maternity leave and the perception of institutional care. Method: A qualitative-quantitative study with 40 working mothers from a public high school, technical and higher education institution who returned to work after the period of leave. An online questionnaire, with descriptive quantitative and qualitative content analysis, was applied. Results: From the participants, 42.5% reported difficult feelings (sadness, depression and helplessness), 50% difficulty in routines, 17.5% problems with breastfeeding at a distance and 35% positive points regarding exclusive breastfeeding in remote work. Five categories were found: feelings on returning to work; difficulties in returning and breastfeeding; pandemic and remote work; perceived weaknesses and suggestions for improvement; reflections on your mental health. Conclusion: Negative feelings and difficulties prevailed in the mothers' perception, demanding institutional attention for reception when returning from maternity leave.


Objetivo: analizar los sentimientos y dificultades de las madres en el retorno de la licencia maternidad y la percepción de la acogida institucional. Método: estudio cuali-cuantitativo con 40 mujeres trabajadoras de una institución de enseñanza pública de nivel medio, técnico y superior que volvieron al trabajo después del período de licencia. Se aplicó un cuestionario en línea, con un análisis de contenido descriptivo cuantitativo y cualitativo. Resultados: de los participantes, el 42,5% relatan sentimientos difíciles (tristeza, depresión y desamparo), el 50% dificultad en las rutinas, el 17,5% problemas para amamantar por la distancia y el 35% puntos positivos en cuanto al amamantamiento exclusivo en el trabajo remoto. Se encontraron cinco categorías: sentimientos en el retorno al trabajo; dificultades del retorno y amamantamiento; pandemia y trabajo remoto; fragilidades percibidas y sugerencias de mejora; reflexiones sobre su salud mental. Conclusión: los sentimientos negativos y las dificultades prevalecieron en la percepción de las madres, exigiendo la atención institucional para el acogimiento en el retorno de la licencia maternidad.


Subject(s)
Humans , Breast Feeding , Health Education , Women's Health , Parental Leave , Workplace
3.
Belo Horizonte; s.n; 2021. 125 p. ilus, tab.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS, ColecionaSUS | ID: biblio-1372010

ABSTRACT

O repouso remunerado de mulheres, pautado pela lei brasileira, após perda gestacional menor que 22 semanas é de apenas duas semanas. Com relação ao pai, inexiste licença trabalhista nesta situação, acentuando uma desigualdade de gênero. Através de entrevistas semiestruturadas propõe-se verificar as condições emocionais das mães e suas vivências, para retorno as atividades profissionais pós-perda gestacional espontânea. As condições emocionais dos pais para manter a rotina de trabalho, sob a ótica de suas companheiras, foi também objeto de investigação, além de conhecer a dor paterna pelos relatos de alguns pais presentes nas entrevistas. Utilizou-se perguntas norteadoras para verificar percepções do momento que estavam vivendo, sobre adaptação à rotina de vida e sobre o luto e qualidade do exercício profissional. Originou-se oito categorizações, a partir dos núcleos de sentido das entrevistas: sintomas do luto; tempo de retorno ao trabalho e rotina; não reconhecimento do luto pela sociedade; luto e espiritualidade; relação cuidador (hospital)/paciente; dor paterna; querer alguém consigo; quem é este bebê. O retorno das mães enlutadas ao trabalho e o amparo na religião foram estratégias de elaboração do luto (terapia laboral) e de enfrentamento. Nas entrevistas, foram evidenciados os sentimentos: sensação de perda de controle da própria vida, quebra de sonhos, sentimento de incompletude, culpa e derrota pessoal. Sentimentos de menos valia como mulher em relação a visão do feminino pela sociedade. Evidenciouse uma vulnerabilidade trabalhista, com necessidade de assistir o pai, na perda gestacional, dor não reconhecida e não amparada legalmente. Para as mulheres a perda não foi só do bebê, evidenciou-se perdas subjetivas, perda de identidade, ideal, erotismo e do papel da mulher. A relação da mulher com ela mesma, com outra mulher, a maternidade, com o ideal, dentre outras, são temas significativos levando a abrir espaço para mais investigação na abordagem do luto gestacional.


The paid rest for women, according to Brazilian law, related to cases of gestational loss with less than 22 weeks, is it equivalent to two weeks. Regarding the father, we have no labor license in this situation, which accentuates gender inequality. With the use of semi-structured interviews, this work addresses the emotional conditions of mothers and their experiences, evaluating if they can return to professional activities after spontaneous pregnancy loss. The father's emotional conditions to maintain their usual work routine, seen from the eyes of their partners was also an object of investigation. Some fathers also gave testimonies expressing their grief during the process. Guiding questions were used to verify their perception on the moment they went through. These questions were related to their adaptation of routine, their mourning, and the quality of their own professional practice. After analysing the testimonies and their respective meanings, eight categorizations emerged: symptoms of grief; time to return to work and routine; non-recognition of mourning by society; grief and spirituality; caregiver (hospital) / patient relationship; paternal pain; the need of wanting someone with you; Who is this baby. Some of the strategies bereaved mothers used in order to cope, were seeking support in religion and in work. During the interviews, some feelings were highlighted: loss of control over one's life; shattered dreams; feeling of incompleteness; guilt and personal defeat; and feelings of being considered "less of a Woman" by society's eyes. A labor vulnerability was shed to light, with regard of assisting the fathers in their grief during the gestational loss, a pain that is neither recognized nor legally supported. For women, the loss was not only of their babies, there was also subjective loss, loss of identity, loss of ideal, eroticism and their role as women. The women's resolution towards themselves, to other women, motherhood, the ideal of a woman, among others, are significant themes, that lead the opening for a space of further investigation in how to approach and deal with gestational mourning.


Subject(s)
Abortion, Spontaneous/psychology , Parental Leave , Fetal Death , Bereavement , Adaptation, Psychological , Occupational Health , Women's Health , Academic Dissertation
4.
Rev. colomb. psicol ; 29(2): 13-24, jul-dic. 2020. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1138804

ABSTRACT

Abstract This work aimed to analyze the influence of stereotypes on discrimination against women. Specifically, it investigated the effects of the candidate gender (man vs. woman), the status regarding parental leave (exercising the right vs. waiving the right), and the stereotypes of competence, sociability, and morality regarding this discrimination. Consistent with previous studies, the candidate gender and the parental leave status interact and together influence discrimination against women (Study 1, F(I, 229)=22.45, p<.001). In turn, the triple interaction of candidate gender, parental leave status, and the three dimensions of stereotypes (Study 2, F(4, 587)=2.73, p=.030, η2=.018) revealed that the woman who took parental leave received more positive evaluations in the three stereotypical dimensions, in comparison with to the woman who waived her right to the leave, and, at the same time, she was poorly assessed in the competence dimension, compared to the man who exercises the same right (Study 2, N=312).


Resumen El objetivo de este trabajo fue analizar la influencia de los estereotipos en la discriminación contra la mujer. Específicamente, se investigó los efectos del género candidato (hombre frente a mujer); el estado con respecto al permiso parental (ejercicio del derecho frente a la renuncia al derecho) y los estereotipos de competencia, sociabilidad y moralidad sobre esta discriminación. De acuerdo con estudios anteriores, el género de los candidatos y el estado de licencia parental interactúan e influyen juntos en la discriminación contra las mujeres (Estudio 1, F(I, 229) =22.45, p<.001). A su vez, la triple interacción del género candidato, el estado de licencia parental y las tres dimensiones de los estereotipos (Estudio 2, F(4, 587)=2.73, p=.030, η2=.018) revelaron que la mujer que tomó la licencia de paternidad se evaluó de manera más positiva en las tres dimensiones estereotipadas, en comparación con la mujer que renunció a su derecho a la licencia quien, al mismo tiempo, se evaluó de manera más pobre en la dimensión de competencia en comparación con el hombre que ejerce el mismo derecho (Estudio 2, N=312).

5.
Rev. saúde pública (Online) ; 53: 10, jan. 2019. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-985827

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE: To analyze the association between maternity leave and exclusive breastfeeding and to estimate the prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding in children under six months of life. METHODS: Cross-sectional study, with mothers of children under six months of life, attended in primary health care units with Breast Milk Collection Services in the municipality of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, in 2013 (n = 429). We analyzed characteristics concerning: maternal sociodemographic aspects, household, prenatal care, childbirth, maternal lifestyle, the child, health care, and infant feeding. Adjusted prevalence ratios (APR) were obtained by Poisson regression with robust variance according to hierarchical approach, and we kept in the final model variables that were associated (p ≤ 0.05) with exclusive breastfeeding (outcome). RESULTS: Among the interviewed mothers, 23.1% were on maternity leave and 17.2% were working. The prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding was 50.1%. The maternal work with maternity leave was associated with higher prevalence of the outcome (APR = 1.91; 95%CI 1.32-2.78), compared with mothers who worked without maternity leave. CONCLUSIONS: Maternity leave has contributed to the practice of exclusive breastfeeding for children under six months of life, which indicates the importance of this benefit in protecting exclusive breastfeeding for women inserted in the formal labor market.


RESUMO OBJETIVO: Analisar a associação entre a licença-maternidade e o aleitamento materno exclusivo e estimar a prevalência de aleitamento materno exclusivo em crianças menores de seis meses de vida. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal, com mães de crianças menores de seis meses, assistidas por unidades básicas de saúde com Posto de Recolhimento de Leite Humano Ordenhado no município do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil, em 2013 (n = 429). Foram analisadas características sociodemográficas maternas, domiciliares, da assistência pré-natal, do parto, do estilo de vida materno, da criança, da assistência à saúde e da alimentação infantil. Razões de prevalências ajustadas foram obtidas por regressão de Poisson com variância robusta, segundo abordagem hierarquizada, sendo mantidas no modelo final as variáveis que se associaram (p ≤ 0,05) ao aleitamento materno exclusivo (desfecho). RESULTADOS: Entre as mães entrevistadas, 23,1% estavam em licença-maternidade e 17,2% estavam trabalhando. A prevalência de aleitamento materno exclusivo em menores de seis meses foi de 50,1%. O trabalho materno com licença-maternidade esteve associado a uma maior prevalência do desfecho (RPa = 1,91; IC95% 1,32-2,78), comparado às mães que trabalhavam sem licença-maternidade. CONCLUSÕES: A licença-maternidade contribuiu para a prática do aleitamento materno exclusivo em crianças menores de seis meses de vida, o que indica a importância desse benefício na proteção do aleitamento materno exclusivo para as mulheres inseridas no mercado de trabalho formal.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Young Adult , Breast Feeding/statistics & numerical data , Parental Leave/statistics & numerical data , Socioeconomic Factors , Women, Working , Brazil , Prevalence , Cross-Sectional Studies , Maternal Age
6.
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration ; : 211-220, 2018.
Article in Korean | WPRIM | ID: wpr-740869

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to identify whether awareness and perceived ease in using parental leave influence job satisfaction of nurses in a public hospital. METHODS: The participants were 425 nurses working in a public hospital. A questionnaire was used to collect data from October 12 to October 25, 2016. The influence of the factors on job satisfaction of nurses was analyzed by multiple hierarchical regression. RESULTS: Nurses taking leave accounted for 46.8% (75 nurses) of 160 married nurses. They worried about adaptation after return to work (30.7%) and complained about disadvantages related to using parental leave (45.3%). The percentage of nurses on leave replaced by new full time nurses was 70.7%. Nurses' awareness (β=.16) of perceived ease of using parental leave (β=.32) influenced the nurses' job satisfaction (R2=.21). CONCLUSION: To improve job satisfaction for nurses, it is necessary to increase awareness and perceived ease of using parental leave. Public hospitals should replace nurses on leave with temporary nurses and help returning nurses adapt to their jobs as they return to work. Nursing managers should create a healthy climate in which it is easy for nurses to take parental leave.


Subject(s)
Humans , Climate , Hospitals, Public , Job Satisfaction , Nursing , Parental Leave , Parents , Return to Work
7.
Rev. saúde pública ; 46(4): 642-648, Aug. 2012. tab
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-646462

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Analisar benefícios trabalhistas e fatores associados à manutenção dos índices de amamentação entre mães trabalhadoras. MÉTODOS: A amostra foi constituída por 200 mulheres trabalhadoras formais que retornaram ao trabalho antes de a criança completar seis meses de vida, no município de Piracicaba, SP. Dentre as participantes, 100 díades mãe-lactente receberam orientações e apoio para a prática do aleitamento em um programa de prevenção em saúde bucal e as demais 100 díades foram abordadas em uma campanha de vacinação infantil. Foi realizada análise de regressão logística múltipla para identificar variáveis relacionadas ao desmame ao quarto mês de vida. RESULTADOS: A maior parte das participantes era primípara, passou por cesariana, iniciou a amamentação em menos de quatro horas após o parto e permaneceu com seu filho em alojamento conjunto. Tiveram mais chance de parar a amamentação: mães não participantes do programa de incentivo (OR = 3,04 [IC95% 1,35;6,85]), mães que não tinham intervalo de 30 minutos durante a jornada de trabalho (OR = 4,10 [IC95% 1,81;9,26]) e mães cujos filhos utilizavam chupeta (OR = 2,68 [IC95% 1,23;5,83]) ou mamadeira (OR =14,47 [IC95% 1,85;113,24]. CONCLUSÕES: As mães que participaram do grupo de incentivo à amamentação, não ofereceram chupeta e mamadeira aos filhos e tinham intervalo durante o trabalho pararam a amamentação após o quarto mês. Apoio, informações sobre o manejo da lactação e sobre seus direitos garantidos por lei, em conjunto com a ampliação do tempo de licença maternidade, poderão ter um importante papel na manutenção da prática do aleitamento materno.


OBJECTIVE: To analyze employment benefits and factors associated with the maintenance of breastfeeding indexes among working mothers. METHODS: The sample was constituted by 200 formal women workers who returned to work before the child had reached six months of life, in the city of Piracicaba (Southeastern Brazil). Among the participants, 100 mother-infant dyads received guidance and support for the practice of breastfeeding within an oral health prevention program, and the other 100 dyads were addressed in a child vaccination campaign. Multiple logistic regression analysis was carried out to identify variables related to weaning in the fourth month of life. RESULTS: The majority of the participants were primiparous women who underwent cesarean section, initiated breastfeeding within four hours after birth and stayed with their child in the room. The following women had higher odds of stopping breastfeeding: mothers not participating in the incentive program (OR = 3.04 [95%CI: 1.35;6.85]), mothers who did not have a 30-minute break during the working hours (OR = 4.10 [95%CI: 1.81;9.26]), and mothers whose children used pacifiers (OR = 2.68 [95%CI: 1.23;5.83]) or bottles (OR = 14.47 [95%CI: 1.85;113.24]. CONCLUSIONS: The mothers who participated in the breastfeeding incentive group, who did not offer pacifiers and bottles to their babies and who had a break during the working hours stopped breastfeeding after the fourth month. Support and information on lactation management and on their rights guaranteed by law, together with the increase in the length of maternity leave, may play an important role in maintaining breastfeeding.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant , Adult , Breast Feeding/statistics & numerical data , Women, Working/statistics & numerical data , Brazil , Logistic Models , Mothers , Odds Ratio , Retrospective Studies , Time Factors
8.
Cad. saúde pública ; 26(9): 1705-1713, set. 2010. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-558787

ABSTRACT

Investigar se programas de incentivo ao aleitamento materno ajudam a prevenir o desmame precoce entre filhos de mães trabalhadoras. Foi realizado um estudo de intervenção não randomizado, por meio de inquérito entre mães que voltaram a trabalhar após o parto, participantes e não-participantes de um programa de incentivo ao aleitamento. A amostra consistiu de 200 mães de filhos com idades entre 6 e 10 meses. Para avaliar fatores associados ao desmame precoce, os resultados foram analisados por meio dos testes estatísticos de qui-quadrado, exato de Fisher e análise de regressão logística múltipla (α = 0,05). Os resultados mostraram que houve diferença estatística nas taxas de aleitamento materno exclusivo (p < 0,0001) e de aleitamento materno (p < 0,0001) entre os grupos. Apresentou diferença estatística (p = 0,0056) em relação à época de retorno ao trabalho entre os grupos. Não houve diferença entre o fim da licença-maternidade e a época de desmame. As mães que não conseguem amamentar seus filhos durante a jornada de trabalho têm 4,98 (IC95 por cento: 1,27-19,61) vezes mais chances de desmamá-los antes do quarto mês.


This study focused on programs to promote breastfeeding in order to prevent early weaning of working mothers' infant children. A non-randomized intervention study was conducted using a survey of mothers who had returned to work after childbirth, including both participants and non-participants in a program to promote breastfeeding. The sample consisted of 200 mothers of infants ranging from 6 to 10 months of age. Factors associated with early weaning were analyzed with the chi-square and Fisher's exact tests and multiple logistic regression (α = 0.05). The results showed statistical differences between the groups in relation to exclusive breastfeeding (p < 0.0001) and breastfeeding (p < 0.0001). There was a statistically significant difference (p = 0.0056) between the groups in relation to time between childbirth and return to work. There was no difference between the end of maternity leave and weaning time. Mothers that were unable to nurse their infants during the work shift showed 4.98 times higher odds (95 percentCI: 1.27-19.61) of weaning them before the fourth month of age.


Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Breast Feeding/statistics & numerical data , Health Promotion/standards , Mothers/education , Weaning , Women, Working/statistics & numerical data , Chi-Square Distribution , Health Promotion/methods , Logistic Models , Mothers/statistics & numerical data
9.
Korean Journal of Medical Education ; : 175-183, 2009.
Article in Korean | WPRIM | ID: wpr-52674

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: A growing number of residents bear children during residency training. This study was conducted to examine the pregnancy and maternity leave experiences of women who delivered infants during their residency training. METHODS: From March 2007 through June 2007, we surveyed 94 women who had given birth during their residency training during the past 5 years from the survey date. Participants were recruited using snowball sampling. RESULTS: Most of the respondents (70.2%) delivered in the 3rd and 4th year of residency. The average length of leave was 68.9 days, and more than half (54.3%) of the women expressed that a maternity leave policy was not formally established in the department. In general, participants believed that having a child during residency was difficult (mean=4.18 in 5-point Likert scale), and this perception was inversely related with systematic departmental support. CONCLUSION: Pregnancy is a special challenge for residents, with regard to not only physical overexertion but also psychosocial impacts on pregnant residents and their colleagues. However, most current residency programs do not have written policies on pregnancy. A formal policy and more flexible curriculum can help both the training program and the pregnant resident.


Subject(s)
Child , Female , Humans , Infant , Pregnancy , Curriculum , Surveys and Questionnaires , Internship and Residency , Parental Leave , Parturition , Ursidae
10.
Cad. saúde pública ; 23(10): 2403-2409, out. 2007. graf, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, SES-SP | ID: lil-461414

ABSTRACT

Estar no mercado de trabalho não deve impedir a mulher de amamentar. A Organização Mundial de Saúde preconiza o aleitamento materno exclusivo até seis meses de vida. No Brasil as leis propiciam à mulher trabalhadora quatro meses de licença maternidade, mas nem sempre ela recebe este benefício. Assim, como praticar amamentação exclusiva? Este artigo objetiva descrever as taxas de aleitamento materno e se o trabalho remunerado interfere na amamentação de mães da Paraíba. Trata-se de estudo transversal em 70 de 223 municípios que aceitaram participar da pesquisa na campanha de vacinação em 2002. Em 11.076 crianças menores de um ano, a prevalência de amamentação exclusiva foi de 22,4 por cento de 0-4 meses e foi significativamente maior entre as mães que trabalhavam fora e que tiveram licença maternidade. Entre estas, foi também menor a prevalência de amamentação total e predominante. Na zona rural o trabalho fora de casa esteve associado com a redução do aleitamento materno exclusivo. A prática do amamentar na Paraíba está muito aquém das recomendações e o retorno precoce da mãe ao trabalho agrava esta situação.


Paid work should not be an obstacle to women's breastfeeding. The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends exclusive breastfeeding for 6 months. In Brazil, women are legally entitled to 4 months of maternity leave, but in practice few women enjoy such benefits. How is it possible to practice exclusive breastfeeding for 6 months? We analyzed both the breastfeeding rates and whether paid jobs interfere with breastfeeding in Paraíba State, Northeast Brazil. We conducted a cross-sectional study in 70 of 223 municipalities (counties) during the annual immunization campaign in 2002. Among 11,076 infants (< 12 months of age), the exclusive breastfeeding rate at 0-4 months was 22.4 percent and was significantly higher among working women receiving maternity leave as compared to those who did not. The prevalence of total and predominant breastfeeding for 4 months was significantly lower among working women. In rural areas, having paid work was associated with a reduction in exclusive breastfeeding. The results show that breastfeeding practices in Paraíba fall far short of WHO recommendations, especially when mothers return to their paid jobs.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Breast Feeding , Parental Leave , Women, Working , Brazil , Cross-Sectional Studies
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